PHILOSOPHERS
DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF
MY EXPLANATION/
DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF
1. Socrates
2. Plato
3. Aristotle
4. St. Augustine
5. Rene Descartes
6. David Hume
7. Immanuel Kant
8. John Locke
9. Gilbert Ryle
10. Maurice Merleau-Ponty
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Answer:
1. Socrates - The self is the center of reasoning and self-knowledge.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Socrates believed that knowing oneself is essential to living a fulfilling life. He argued that the self is the center of reasoning and that one must strive to understand oneself in order to gain wisdom and knowledge.
2. Plato - The self is an immortal soul that transcends the physical world.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: According to Plato, the self is more than just the physical body. It is an immortal soul that exists beyond the physical world and is capable of experiencing eternal realities. He believed that the physical world was merely a shadow of the true reality that exists in the world of forms.
3. Aristotle - The self is a combination of the body and the mind.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Aristotle believed that the self is a combination of the body and the mind. He argued that humans possess a unique capacity for reasoning that sets us apart from other animals. The self, therefore, is the combination of rational thought and physical experience.
4. St. Augustine - The self is a reflection of God's image.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: St. Augustine believed that the self was a reflection of God's image. He argued that humans have an innate desire to seek and find God within themselves, and that this search was the key to understanding the self.
5. Rene Descartes - The self is a thinking thing that exists independently of the physical world.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Descartes believed that the self was a thinking thing that existed independently of the physical world. He argued that our thoughts and consciousness were the only things we could truly know, and that everything else was uncertain or subject to doubt.
6. David Hume - The self is a bundle of perceptions and experiences.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Hume argued that the self was not a single entity, but rather a bundle of perceptions and experiences. He believed that the self was constantly changing and evolving as we experienced new things and accumulated more knowledge.
7. Immanuel Kant - The self is a unified consciousness that provides the basis for all knowledge and experience.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Kant believed that the self was a unified consciousness that provided the basis for all knowledge and experience. He argued that the self was necessary for us to make sense of the world around us and understand our place within it.
8. John Locke - The self is a tabula rasa or a blank slate that is shaped by experience.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Locke believed that the self was a blank slate that is shaped by experience. He argued that we are born without any innate knowledge or predispositions, and that our experiences in the world around us are what shape our personalities and beliefs.
9. Gilbert Ryle - The self is a product of behavior and action, not a separate entity.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Ryle rejected the idea of a separate, distinct self, arguing instead that the self is merely a product of behavior and action. He believed that there is no "ghost in the machine," and that the mind and body are inseparable.
10. Maurice Merleau-Ponty - The self is embodied consciousness, and perception is always shaped by the body.
MY EXPLANATION/ DEFINITION ABOUT THE SELF: Merleau-Ponty's philosophy emphasized the importance of the body in shaping our perceptions and experiences. He believed that the self was embodied consciousness, and that we could not separate our minds from the physical bodies and environments that shaped our experiences.