Directions. Identify the sources of internal heat by writing RH for radiogenic heat
and PH for primordial heat. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Presence of different isotopes of heat producing element in the mantle and
crust.
2. Internal heat accumulated by dissipation of planet.
3. Release of accretional energy.
4. Processes involved in mantle convection.
5. Release of thermal energy as a result of spontaneous nuclear disintegration
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Answer:
1.) The Earth is a thermal engine driven largely by heat produced from the decay of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes in its interior. At present, the main radioactive isotopes are 40K, 235U, 238U, and 232Th, whose atomic percentages, radioactive decay constants, half‐life, and the heat production characteristics are given in Table R1.
2.) Primordial heat is the internal heat energy accumulated by dissipation in a planet during its first few million years of evolution. The main contributions to the primordial heat are accretional energy – the energy deposited by infalling planetesimals – and differentiation energy.
3.) In astrophysics, accretion is the accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter, in an accretion disk.[1][2] Most astronomical objects, such as galaxies, stars, and planets, are formed by accretion processes.
4.) Mantle convection involves competition between diffusion of heat (thermal conductivity), resistance to motion (viscosity), and buoyancy forces (thermal expansivity).
5.) This decay, called spontaneous fission, happens when a large unstable nucleus spontaneously splits into two (or occasionally three) smaller daughter nuclei, and generally leads to the emission of gamma rays, neutrons, or other particles from those products.
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