III. Activity Proper Activity 1:
Decoding Hidden Word Directions:
Identify the words described by the statements below in order to decode the hidden word inside the DNA. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
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III. Activity Proper Activity 1:
Decoding Hidden Word Directions:
Identify the words described by the statements below in order to decode the hidden word inside the DNA. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
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The genetic code AP. BIO:IST-1(EU),IST-1N(LO),IST-1. N. 1(EK),IST-1.N.(EK) The genetic code links groups of nucleotides in an mRNA to amino acids in a protein. Start codons, stop codons, reading frame. Skip to main contentSearch for courses, skills, and videosMain contentTranslationThe genetic codeAP.BIO: IST‑1 (EU), IST‑1.N (LO), IST‑1.N.1 (EK), IST‑1.N.2 (EK)The genetic code links groups of nucleotides in an mRNA to amino acids in a protein. IntroductionHave you ever written a secret message to one of your friends? If so, you may have used a code to keep the message hidden. For instance, you may have replaced the letters of the word with numbers or symbols, following a particular set of rules. In order for your friend to understand the message, they would need to know the code and apply the same set of rules, in reverse, to decode it.Decoding messages is also a key step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is read out to build a protein. In this article, we'll take a closer look at the genetic code, which allows DNA and RNA sequences to be "decoded" into the amino acids of a protein.Background: Making a proteinGenes that provide instructions for proteins are expressed in a two-step process.In transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is "rewritten" in RNA. In eukaryotes, the RNA must go through additional processing steps to become a messenger RNA, or mRNA.In translation, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is "translated" into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (protein chain).If this is a new concept for you, you may want to learn more by watching Sal's video on transcription and translation.CodonsCells decode mRNAs by reading their nucleotides in groups of three, called codons. Here are some features of codons:Most codons specify an amino acidThree "stop" codons mark the end of a proteinOne "start" codon, AUG, marks the beginning of a protein and also encodes the amino acid methionineCodons in an mRNA are read during translation, beginning with a start codon and continuing until a stop codon is reached. mRNA codons are read from 5' to 3' , and they specify the order of amino acids in a protein from N-terminus (methionine) to C-terminus.The mRNA sequence is:5'-AUGAUCUCGUAA-5'Translation involves reading the mRNA nucleotides in groups of three; each group specifies an amino acid (or provides a stop signal indicating that translation is finished).3'-AUG AUC UCG UAA-5'AUG \rightarrow→right arrow Methionine (Start) AUC \rightarrow→right arrow Isoleucine UCG \rightarrow→right arrow Serine UAA \rightarrow→right arrow "Stop"Polypeptide sequence: (N-terminus) Methionine-Isoleucine-Serine (C-terminus)What do 5' and 3' mean?What are the N- and C-terminus?The genetic code tableThe full set of relationships between codons and amino acids (or stop signals) is called the genetic code. The genetic code is often summarized in a table.
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