in figure I tinikling step, what does R and L mean? (a) take seven" tinikling" stels R and L alternately
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in figure I tinikling step, what does R and L mean? (a) take seven" tinikling" stels R and L alternately
in figure I tinikling step, what does R and L mean? (a) take seven" tinikling" stels R and L alternately
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Answer:
According to the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Risk Factor Survey, members of ethnic and racial minority populations in the United States (U.S.) continue to experience significant health disparities relative to comparable non-minority U.S. communities (21). For example, higher rates of hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, smoking, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as lower rates of meeting the federal physical activity standard were self-reported by adults who self-identified as African American, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian. Given that adequate physical activity (PA) is known to ameliorate the rates for many chronic diseases, as well as the magnitude of many cardiometabolic risk factors (28), some health professionals have advocated the development of culturally-based PA and rehabilitation programs when working with minority populations (22, 26). The success of such programs, however, are highly dependent upon accurate dose-response determinations between PA intensity and cardiometabolic responses that are specific to the PA. Indeed, many such dose-response relationships are well-known for traditional forms of PA (e.g., walking, jogging, use of stationary exercise equipment, etc.) and even well-documented as a MET-based compilation for many activities (1), but the same information for culturally-specific activities is much less exhaustive. Thus, a common precursor to implementing newly developed culturally-based PA programs is the need to document the cardiometabolic responses.
While the number of U.S. minorities have steadily increased for decades, the rate of growth for Asian Americans was faster between 2000 and 2010 than any other minority group (18). At about 5% of the total U.S. population in 2010, Asian Americans live mostly on the west coast of the continental U.S. and primarily identify as having Chinese, Filipino, or Asian Indian ancestry. As the second largest subgroup of Asian Americans, Filipino Americans are the largest group of Asian Americans in 10 of the 13 western U.S. states with Chinese Americans dominating the other three (18). Filipino Americans have also been found to have a disproportionately high risk for HTN, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, as well as higher visceral adipose tissue when compared with other minority populations and Caucasians (2–5).
Clearly, the long-term health of many Filipino Americans could benefit from satisfying the 2008 U.S. federal PA guidelines – i.e., Accumulating at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity (≥ 3.0 METs) weekly PA (28). Based on the United States Department of Health and Human Services, effective health interventions must be consistent with the shared beliefs, values, and practices of the target population. Activities that are culturally relevant help motivate minority populations to engage in regular PA. Interestingly, several studies have found dancing to be a common self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA in Filipino Americans (6, 27). A traditional form of Philippine folk dance called Tinikling, or bamboo dance, is commonly practiced in areas of the U.S. with strong Filipino communities (13). Tinikling commonly involves two people moving two bamboo poles back and forth along the ground, with the poles tapping against each other and the ground to emphasize a musical rhythm, while simultaneously one or more dancers are stepping over and between the poles (13). This type of dance has also been the focus for Filipino cultural awareness groups, such as the Kalahi Philippine Folkloric Ensemble in Las Vegas, NV, who use traditional dance as a means to promote traditional Filipino culture in the U.S. Given the popularity of traditional Filipino folk dances in many Filipino American communities, Tinikling could be used as the foundation for creating a culturally-based PA program to help address Filipino Americans’ high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (25). However, there does not appear to be any published information about the cardiometabolic influences of Tinikling, or any other Filipino style of folk dance, in the research literature or elsewhere.
Given the continued need for creative and culturally-relevant PA intervention strategies, especially those focused on minority populations in the U.S., the current study sought to better understand the cardiometabolic influences of Tinikling dance as a form of PA. As such, the objective of this study was to characterize the energy cost and intensity of Tinikling dance for experienced adult dancers. In doing so, the metabolic intensity of Tinikling dance was compared directly to the 3.0 and 6.0 MET thresholds for moderate and vigorous intensities, respectively, that are used by the U.S. federal PA guidelines to promote and maintain health (14, 28).
Explanation: