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Answer:
A fault is formed in the Earth's crust as a brittle response to stress. Generally, the movement of the tectonic plates provides the stress, and rocks at the surface break in response to this. Faults have no particular length scale. If you whack a hand-sample-sized piece of rock with a hammer, the cracks and breakages you make are faults. At the other end of the spectrum, some plate-boundary faults are thousands of kilometers in length.
Fault categories
The sense of stress determines the type of fault that forms, and we usually categorize that sense of stress in three different ways:
compression,
tension, and
shear.
Handily, these three senses of stress also correlate with the three types of plate boundaries.
Compressive stress happens at convergent plate boundaries where two plates move toward each other.
Tensional stress happens at divergent plate boundaries where two plates are moving away from each other.
Shear stress is experienced at transform boundaries where two plates are sliding past each other.
Explanation:
What is a fault and what are the different types?
Normal Fault Animation.
Thrust Fault Animation.
Blind Thrust Fault Animation.
Strike-slip Fault Animation.