Plate boundaries are the lines at the edges of the different pieces of the
lithosphere. Lithospheric plates are moving due to the convection current in the
Earth's interior. The lithosphere is made up of the crust and upper part of the
mantle. There are two types of crusts: the continental crust which is thicker but less
dense, and the oceanic crust, which is thinner and denser.
According to the Plate Tectonic Theory, the Earth's lithosphere consists of the
crust and upper mantle that move slowly and constantly over time. This movement
causes the formation of plate boundaries namely: divergent, convergent, and
transform fault boundaries.
(a) Divergent boundaries refer to plates that separate and move apart in
opposite directions forming new lithosphere - the young seafloor. This
either occurs at mid-ocean ridges (seafloor spreading) or at rifted
continental margins (rift valley).
(b) Convergent boundaries are formed when two plates move toward each
other. The oceanic plate bends downward at the subduction zone. This
occurs in two oceanic plates: convergent boundary and continental plate-
oceanic plate convergent boundary. Oceanic plate sinks because it is
denser than the continental plate. In the case of convergence of two
oceanic plates, the older plate sinks. Whereas in the convergence of two
continental plates, they collide and buckle up forming mountain ranges.
No subduction occurs in this type of convergence.
(c) Transform fault boundaries are plates sliding past or slipping past each
other.
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