Using the principles of the particle nature of matter, explain the behavior of the particles of matter in each of the following phenomena.
a. difficulty in compressing a solid object
b. detection of a burning smell during a fire
c. formation of drops of water
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Answer:
a. Difficulty in compressing a solid object: A solid object is made up of particles that are tightly packed together and held in place by strong intermolecular forces. When an external force is applied to the solid object, the particles are pushed together, but they resist compression due to the strong intermolecular forces between them. This is why it is difficult to compress a solid object - the particles are already tightly packed and resist being pushed together even further.
b. Detection of a burning smell during a fire: During a fire, certain substances undergo chemical reactions that release particles into the air. These particles are carried by air currents and can be detected by our sense of smell. When the particles reach our nose, they stimulate the olfactory receptors, which send signals to the brain that are interpreted as a burning smell.
c. Formation of drops of water: Water is a liquid, meaning its particles are free to move and slide past each other. When a force, such as gravity, is applied to the surface of a liquid, the liquid particles are pulled downwards and a droplet forms. The surface tension of the liquid, caused by the attractive forces between the particles, helps to keep the droplet together and maintain its spherical shape.
Answer:
A. The behavior of the particles of matter in difficulty in compressing a solid object is explained by the principles of the particle nature of matter as follows: In a solid object, the particles of matter are tightly packed and strongly held in place by intermolecular forces. As a result, they cannot move around freely and occupy a fixed volume. When an external force is applied to compress the solid, the particles resist movement and maintain their fixed positions. This results in difficulty in compressing the solid object.
B. The behavior of the particles of matter in the detection of a burning smell during a fire is explained by the principles of the particle nature of matter as follows: During a fire, the energy supplied causes the molecules of the burning material to vibrate and emit particles into the air in the form of smoke. These particles carry the odor of the burning material and can be detected by the nose as a burning smell.
C. The behavior of the particles of matter in the formation of drops of water is explained by the principles of the particle nature of matter as follows: In a liquid, the particles are not as tightly packed as in a solid, but they are still held together by intermolecular forces. When the liquid comes into contact with a surface, the particles at the surface experience a reduced intermolecular attraction because they are not surrounded by other particles on all sides. As a result, the surface tension of the liquid causes it to form into a rounded shape, such as a drop. This is known as the formation of drops of water.
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