what are the factors that affect the climate of an area and briefly describe how each factor affects climate
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what are the factors that affect the climate of an area and briefly describe how each factor affects climate
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Answer:
1. Prevailing wind directions - As the warm air rises, cooler air moves in beneath it. Winds that blow from the sea often bring rain to the coast and dry weather to inland areas.
2. Distance from the equator - The distance from the equator affects the climate of a place. The places around equator receives more sunlight for longer period of time. So the climate near the equator is hotter while the climate at the poles is cooler.
3. Distance from the sea - Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than inland areas because oceans heat up and cool down much more slowly than land. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude.
4. Ocean currents - Transporting warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics. Thus, ocean currents regulate global climate, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface.
5. El Niño - refers to the irregular warming of surface water in the Pacific. The warmer water pumps energy and moisture into the atmosphere, altering global wind and rainfall patterns.
6. Shape of the land (relief/ topography) - Mountains receive more rainfall than low lying areas because as air is forced over the higher ground it cools, causing moist air to condense and fall out as rainfall. The higher the place is above sea level the colder it will be. This happens because as altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is less able to absorb and retain heat
7. Human influence - As populations increased and trees were cut down in large numbers, so our influence on the climate increased. Trees take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. A reduction in trees will therefore have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting in a warm climate.
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