What is the process of photosynthesis?
How do cells divide and replicate?
What is the nature of light and how does it travel?
What is the structure of an atom and what are its components?
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
What are the different forms of energy and how are they converted and transferred?
What are the characteristics of life and how do they differ from non-living things?
How do plants and animals adapt to their environment?
What is the process of evolution and how does it occur?
What are the properties of gases, liquids, and solids and how do they differ?
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Answer:
1.What is the process of photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.
2.How do cells divide and replicate?
During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells. Because this process is so critical, the steps of mitosis are carefully controlled by certain genes. When mitosis is not regulated correctly, health problems such as cancer can result.
3.What is the nature of light and how does it travel?
Light is the narrow visible band of radiation in the broad continuous electromagnetic spectrum that ranges from radio waves to gamma rays. Its nature is complex as it transfers energy, but has no mass. It travels at very high speeds (299,800,000 m/s in the vacuum of interstellar space).
4.What is the structure of an atom and what are its components?
An atom is a complex arrangement of negatively charged electrons arranged in defined shells about a positively charged nucleus. This nucleus contains most of the atom's mass and is composed of protons and neutrons (except for common hydrogen which has only one proton). All atoms are roughly the same size.
5.What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
Enzymes in our bodies are catalysts that speed up reactions by helping to lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction. Each enzyme molecule has a special place called the active site where another molecule, called the substrate, fits.
6.What are the different forms of energy and how are they converted and transferred?
Chemical energy can be converted to electrical energy. Thermal energy can be converted to heat energy. Mechanical energy can be converted to electrical energy, potential energy, etc. Nuclear energy can be converted to light energy and heat energy.
7.What are the characteristics of life and how do they differ from non-living things?
Living things have three main traits: They grow, take in nutrients (that means food and water), and reproduce (which means they make more living things like themselves). Non-living things do not grow, need nutrients or reproduce.
8.How do plants and animals adapt to their environment?
This happens by the process of natural selection. By natural selection, the nature of the species gradually changes to become adapted to the niche. If a species becomes very well adapted to its environment, and if the environment does not change, species can exist for a very long time before they become extinct.
9.What is the process of evolution and how does it occur?
Evolution reflects the adaptations of organisms to their changing environments and can result in altered genes, novel traits, and new species. Evolutionary processes depend on both changes in genetic variability and changes in allele frequencies over time. The study of evolution can be performed on different scales.
10.What are the properties of gases, liquids, and solids and how do they differ?
A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape. The change from solid to liquid usually does not significantly change the volume of a substance.
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